There are 13 states of Malaysia and 3 Federal Territories.
Johor
FLAG
White crescent and a star of five points on a field at the canton and navy blue at the fly.The white denotes a sovereign, red a warrior and blue the universe.
EMBLEM
The crown denotes the Ruler. The four stars at the corners of the white shield stand for the four original districts of the State, namely Johor Bahru,Muar,Batu Pahat and Endau. The star and crescent signify Islam. The two tigers rampant recall the period when wild beasts roamed the State. The floral decorations below the shield represent gambier and black pepper, the two original main products of the State. The State moto reads “In the Hands of Allah”.
Kedah
FLAG
Red crescent and green shield with wreath of yellow against red background. Red, the traditional colour of the state, signifies prosperity.The crescent signifies Islam. The shield symbolises the role of the ruler as the protector and guardian of his subjects and all the inhabitants of the state from unjust government.
EMBLEM
The wreath of paddy stands for the State’s principal product. The crescent stands for Islam The shield stands for strength and authority.
Kelantan
FLAG
White emblem on red background. The red background signifies the loyalty of the people of Kelantan. The white emblem stands for the sanctity of the office of the Ruler.
EMBLEM
The crown stands for the sovereignty of the Sultan. The two spears and two keris signify the power of the Kelantan Malays.The star and crescent signify Islam. The two cannons signify that the State is ever ready to defend itself. The two deers serve as reminders of the period in the State’s history when Che’ Wan Kembang (or Che’ Siti), queen of Kelantan (roughly at the end of the 14th century), ordered the State’s gold coinage to be stamped with the design of these deers for which she held such a deep affection. The State motto reads:”In God, the Government of Kelantan Submit”.
Melaka
FLAG
Top left hand quarter:royal blue with yellow crescent and yellow five-pointed star. Top right hand quarter in red and the lower half in white. The red, white, yellow and blue are the colours of the flag of the Federation of Malaysia and show that Melaka is a member-State of the Federation. The star and crescent represent Islam, the religion of the State and of the nation.
EMBLEM
The various colours are the colours of the Federation of Malaysia and indicate that the State is part of the Federation. The five keris represent the five famous warriors of old Melaka. The star and crescent stand for Islam, the religion of the State. The Melaka tree is the tree from which the State derives its names. The two mousedeer supporting, the shield serve to recall the incident involving the mousedeer which led the first ruler of Melaka to choose the site and found the city. The State motto reads:”Unity is Strength”
Negeri Sembilan
FLAG
The field is yellow, representing the Ruler.The canton in the top left hand corner is in two colours which divide the it diagnolly, the lower triangle being black representing the four Undangs (major chiefs), and the upper triangle being red, representing the rakyat.
EMBLEM
The nine sheafs of rice on the shield denote the nine states in the federation of Old Negeri Sembilan. The red in the shields reflects the past British connection. The black denotes the Undang, the yellow the Yang Dipertuan Besar. The nine-pointed star also stands for the nine states of Old Negeri Sembilan.The sword and its sheath above the shield represent justice. The changgai puteri between the sword and its sheath represent the sovereignty of the Ruler
Pahang
FLAG
It was originally black,symbolising the Bendahara who held the appointment at the behest of the sultans of Johor-Riau of which Pahang was formerly was part. In the 1880s when Bendahara Wan Ahmad proclaimed himself Sultan of Pahang, the royal white was added to the flag to mark his rise in status. The flag consists of two equal horizontal stripes of white and black, the white being above. The white now represents the Ruler while the black represents the rakyat.
EMBLEM
The head of the spear, one of the elemens of the State regalia, symbolises the sovereignty of the Ruler. It will be observed that the head of the spear is not commensurate with its length; this is because it is meant to represent the shape of a coffee-tree leaf.According to tradition Sultan Ahmad, who had made many attempts to gain the throne of Pahang, foresaw his final triumph as the result of an incident which involved a cup of coffee served to him whilst in Terengganu preparing for a final assault. The Malay Annals the elephant had close associations with Malay rulers and their protocol, in particular their use as royal transport.
Perak
FLAG
The Perak is divided into three horizontal bands of equal size,in white(upper),yellow(centre) and black(lower). These three colours represent the three branches of the royal family amongst whom the throne is shared in rotation. The band stands for the Sultan, the yellow for the Raja Muda and the black for the Raja DiHilir.
EMBLEM
The crest worn by the Ruler on his tengkolok symbolises his sovereignty. The crescent stands for Islam, the official religion. The rice flower stands for paddy-planting, the prime occupationof the people.
Perlis
FLAG
It consists of two horizontal stripes of equal size, the upper band following being yellow and the lower band blue. The yellow stands for the Ruler, the blue for the people. The flag therefore symbolises the close relationship between Ruler and the people.
EMBLEM
The wreath of paddy represents the primary occupation and main product of the State. The shield represents the pride and honour of the State. In general, the emblem reflects the pride of the State in being a rice granary.
Pulau Pinang
FLAG
The flag is a tricolour consisting of vertical stripes of equal width of light blue (at the hoist), white and yellow; on the central (white) stripe is an areca nut palm or pokok pinang on a mount.Light blue signifies the sea which surrounds the island. The white represents the State itself in its serenity. The yellow signifies prosperity. The betelnut tree is the tree from which the island takes its names
EMBLEM
The betelnut tree gave the island its name. The Penang Bridge is not only a source of pride to the people of Pulau Pinang, it also unites the island with the mainland part of the State, as well as symbolising the unity between the State and the Federation. The two pillars of the bridge stand for two basic features of the New Economic Policy, namely the eradiction of poverty and restructuring of society, while the four cables represent the four major races in the nation, that is Malay, Chinese,Indian and others. The five blue and white waves symbolise the five Rukunegara and also the five administrative districts of the State. The five colours at the base of the betelnut tree have the same meaning.
Sabah
FLAG
The flag is rectangular in the proportion 1:2. The canton which extends at the head halfway to the fly and 2/3 of the hoist to the foot is icicle blue as the background to a silhouette of Mount Kinablu, in royal blue, positioned t 1/6 of the height of the canton. The fly is divided equally into three bands of colours, the foot of which extends to the hoist.The top band is zircon blue, followd by white and chille red.
The new flag and emblem of Sabah are officially established on 16 Sepetember 1988. The new State emblems are very similar to the State flag and crest adopted when Sabah joined Malaysia in 1963 but which were replaced in 1981 under the administration of Berjaya Party (1976 – 1985).
EMBLEM
The State crest consists of two arms in yellow holding up the State flag resting on a band of five State colours; zircon blue, chilli red, white, icicle blue and royal blue.Immediately below is the main crest in the form of a shield with its top segment carrying the three of main colours, zircon blue, white and chilli red in V bands. At the lower segment is the silhouette shape of Mount Kinablu in royal blue against a plain icicle blue background. The shield is rested on a red scroll carrying the State motto “Sabah Maju Jaya” in blue.
The two arm symbolises unity and cooperation among the State’s multi-racial communities for progress and success of the country. The five colours represent the five divisions in the State.
Zircon blue symbolises peace and tranquility, white purity and justice, chilli red courage and conviction, icicle blue unity and prosperity and royal blue strength and cooperation. The silhouette shape of Mount Kinabalu symbolises the State of Sabah.
Sarawak
Since 1988, the State has adopted a new flag, state crest, state motto and state anthem.
FLAG
Red: symbolises the courage, determination and sacrifies of the people in their tireless pursuit to attain and maintain progress and esteem in the course of creating a model state.
Yellow:denotes the supreamcy of law and order, unity and stability in diversity.
Black:symbolises the rich natural resources and wealth of Sarawak such as petroleum, timber, etc. which provide the foundation for the advancement of the people.
The yellow nine-pointed Star denotes the nine divisions where the people live in harmony. The star symbol also embodies the aspiration of the people of Sarawak in their quest to improve their quality of life.
EMBLEM
The state crest is represented by a symbolic figure of a wingspread Kenyalang(Hornbill) – the State bird. Its 13 wings and 13 tail segments represent the 13 states of Malaysia.
The Bunga Raya (Hibiscus) – the national flower appears on the right and left of the bird’s legs while the banner or ribbon on which the bird’s stand carries the new State Motto “Bersatu, Berusaha, Berbakti” (United, Industrious, Dedicated).
Positioned on the bird’s chest is a shield bearing the state colours-black, red and yellow.
Selangor
FLAG
It is yellow and red in quarters, with a white crescent and star in canton. Designed in the reign of Sultan Abdul Samad, the yellow and red symbolises flesh and blood. The crescent and star are symbols of Islam, the white representing its purity.
EMBLEM
The crescent and star represent Islam, the State religion. The red spear in the center with a short keris to the right and a long keris to the right and a long keris to the left are part of the State regalia. The jawi writing expresses the State motto, namely: “Under the protection of Allah”. Below the motto appears the broad belt (tali bengkung) or sash worn at the waist by warriors in the past.
Terengganu
FLAG
Horizontal black band against white background; white crescent and star in centre. The white background signifies the Ruler.The fact that it surrounds the black field – representing the people – signifies the protection the Ruler gives to his subjects. The star and crescent stand for Islam, the State religion.
EMBLEM
The crescent and the star above indicate that Terengganu is an islamic State. The crown symbolises the sovereignty of the Ruler. The sword, long kris and the mace represent the authority of the State. The book on the right represents the Holy Quran. The book on the left represents the kitab. The kain dukong symbolise the appurtenances of Malay royalty.